Good Vs. Evil in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown...

Good vs. Evil The short story, Young Goodman Brown is a fascinating rendition of the battle between good and evil. The reader must delve into the depths of his/her own beliefs to understand what the symbolism is. Nathaniel Hawthorne writes an entire lesson in life as one big symbol using allegory. The various examples are fruitful and will be presented throughout this essay. First, the main characters name is Goodman Brown. Does this mean something? It seems Nathaniel Hawthorne wished it to be that way. After reading the story, the reader is left with the impression that GOOD-MAN in the focal characters name symbolizes that this will be the good character in the battle between good and evil. Hawthorne begins the†¦show more content†¦This characters symbol is easy to identify. One must keep in mind that the story supposedly takes place in Salem Village, Englands Massachusetts Bay Colony. However, the statement, You are late, Goodman Brown. The clock of the Old South was striking as I came through Boston; and that is full fifteen minutes agone, points to the fact that the old man has traveled all the way from Boston to Salem in a mere fifteen minutes. This implies there is something rather paranormal about this character. The fact that the stranger knew Browns name also adds to the train of clues. This characters symbolism is further esta blished with statements such as the only thing about him, that could be fixed upon as remarkable, was his staff, which bore the likeness of a great black snake...it might almost be seen to twist and wriggle itself, like a living serpent. While the great black snake and serpent are only descriptions of the staff, the words have a deeper meaning and give detail to what the character stands for. The slithering serpent, as referred to in the Bible, symbolizes the sly, sneaky devil. The devil uses his clever persuasion to convince Brown to meet him halfway into the forest. He keeps pulling Brown further and further into the forest, i.e. closer to sin, telling him he may turn back at any time. All the while the devil is describing the sinful doings of the other townsfolk in an attempt to mask theShow MoreRelatedShort Story Analysis: Young Goodman Brown Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesbut none more intriguing than Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne’s ability to weave stories through the use of complex language and early puritan society narratives has long been a topic of study amongst scholars and young adults, alike. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† explores the idea of good vs. evil and draws many parallels to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is often debated whether man is born innately good or evil. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† it is possible to see Hawthorne’s stance on this. However, beforeRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne865 Words   |  4 Pagesthe good man’s heart, whose owner is walking through the sea of dark with an equally, if not more, serpent-like staff carrying dark companion. This respectable man is Young Goodman Brown, as portrayed in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. The forest is only a small part of the setting, as this also takes place in a village in Salem Massachusetts and surrounding area the year 1692. The mood is heavy with superstition, confusion, doubt, betrayal, and shallowness. Goodman BrownRead More Absence of Absolute Good or Absolute Evil in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1468 Words   |  6 PagesAbsence of Absolute Good or Absolute Evil in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚   Lo! There ye stand, my children, said the figure, in a deep and solemn tone, almost sad, with its despairing awfulness, as if his once angelis nature could yet mourn for our miserable race. Depending on one anothers hearts, ye had still hoped, that virtue were not all a dream. Now ye are undeceived! Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness. Welcome, again, my children, to the communion of your raceRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Lottery† By: Melissa A. Reeves Professor Andrew Smith ENGL 102-B46 LUO Thesis Statement The stories â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both appear to show that human behavior and judgment can be flawed, even if the person’s intentions appear good to them. There is a level of fear and underlying evil in Puritan settings in both stories. I. Introduction/Statement of Thesis II. Themes and Author’s Purpose A. The Lottery Read MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1631 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne is famous for his works that revolve around the Puritan society. The Puritans were very stringent in the way they dealt with rules and ways of life, and Hawthorne does an exceptional job depicting the Puritan lifestyle through his stories. Though many principles from Puritan society has made its way to form the present day American society, Hawthorne might disagree and did not believe that the good attributes originated from Puritan ways. Nathaniel Hawthorne, through the worksRead MoreLesson 1. Brooke White. Eng 2020: Introduction To Literature.1675 Words   |  7 Pagesconclusion. This affected my interpretation of the piece because as a dream, the piece emphasizes Young Goodman Brown’s distrust and uncertain feelings towards humanity. His dream was created by a subconscious thought that it is a natural instinct for all humans to become evil and impious at one point or another . If I interpreted it as a real experience, it means that I would see all people as naturally evil and impious myself—not just as an idea created by Brown’s mind. Interpreting it as a dream alsoRead MorePoe vs Hawthorne1992 Words   |  8 PagesBetween Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne Kimberley Prescott LIT/210 08/01/2012 Sherry Salant Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne Popular literature is incomplete without the names of Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Both of these authors lived in the same time period, yet lived very opposite lives. In fact, Poe received notoriety for criticizing Nathaniel Hawthorne. (Poe, 1847) In his career, he wrote several critiques of Hawthorne’s work. On a personal level,Read More The Structure of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1968 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Young Goodman Brown† – the Structure  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Q. D. Leavis in â€Å"Hawthorne as Poet† mentions Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† as â€Å"essentially dramatic† : â€Å"The first batch of works I specified [including â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†] is essentially dramatic, its use of language is poetic, and it is symbolic, and richly so, as is the dramatic poet’s. . . â€Å" (27) This essay will examine this and other features of the structure of Hawthorne’s short story.    Leavis’ evaluation ofRead MoreElements of Fiction in Young Goodman Brown Essays1761 Words   |  8 Pagesof Fiction are Used in Hawthorns Young Goodman Brown Desiree Terry English Composition II 23 February 2012 Outline Introduction Thesis: Hawthorne uses the Elements of fiction in Young Goodman Brown to depict a story of his family’s history and religious background. I Hawthorne uses time periods, location and physical structure settings that all relate to the Purity society and his historical family story. A. The first setting in young Goodman brown was set in Salem village. This is

The Importance of Vitamin D Essay - 1173 Words

Getting some sun is essential to human health despite the risks of the skin cancer. There is much more benefits that come with the exposure to the sun than harm. Vitamin D that our body produces when we are exposed to the sun is very efficient in curing so many diseases. It protects from arthritis, diabetes, infectious diseases, multiple sclerosis and some kinds of cancer, just to name a few. It has been proven that the Earth’s atmosphere blocks 98.7 percent of the sun’s UV rays. The other 2.3 percent that we are exposed to, have both beneficial and harmful effects. We do need to focus on the benefits, because we have way more of them. The only harm it does to our body is skin cancer, which by being more careful we can protect from. The†¦show more content†¦It has many different negative effects, like growth retardation, skeletal deformation and softening of the skull (Holick, 2008). In Europe doctors prescribe vitamin D for infants to prevent those kinds of pr oblems, and also they recommend daily walks in the sun. That is why the children in Europe don’t have rickets as often as in United States. The doctors here depend on the vitamins that are in the formula, but it is not enough. A study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that 75 percent or more of American teens and adults are deficient in Vitamin D. That is why we have so many serious illnesses, like cancer, diabetes and heart disease (Huff, 2010). Infectious diseases are more seen in people living in places with less sun during winter months, we know those as influenza virus or simply cold. The sun in those places is unable to produce vitamin D and that is why we get sick so often. The people that live in the warm places, where the vitamin D is produced all year round, don’t get sick as often (Holick, 2008). Diabetes is a very big problem in United States, but if we listen to what researchers had found, we can try to prevent people from getting this disea se by staying in the sun. It has been proven that it can lower 80 percent, if we start giving our infants 2,000 IU of vitamin D during the first year of life. The research also showsShow MoreRelatedEssay On Broodmares1541 Words   |  7 PagesSupplementing Your Broodmare and Foal When thinking about the nutrition of broodmares and foals, most people understand the importance of the macro minerals calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, which is needed for the rapid bone growth in the fetus in late gestation and once the foal is born. However, breeders sometimes don’t realize that certain trace minerals and vitamins during gestation and nursing are extremely important in the growth, development, and health of foals. For this reason it is veryRead MoreBecoming a Vegan1732 Words   |  7 Pagesthoroughly compensated to provide adequate supplementation. As with any diet, the potential for deficiencies is arguable especially amongst the vegan diet and simply due to poor planning and often identified deficiencies are iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin B12 and vitamin D, which can lead to more serious complications. As the vegan diet can provide the following nutrients amongst individuals, careful planning to prevent inadequate nutrient supply must be implicated with sound knowledge and structural planningRead MoreVitamin D And Calcium.vitamin D Essay781 Words   |  4 Pages Bone Health, Calcium and Vitamin D My research of the vitamin or mineral will be based on vitamin D and Calcium.Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, which means it is stored in the body’s fatty tissue, normally is obtained through exposure to sunlight, which triggers vitamin D production in the skin is found naturally in very few foods but in the United States, it is routinely added to milk and infant formula. Other right food sources are egg yolks and some types ofRead MoreDeveloping Diseases On The Rise And Many New Cures800 Words   |  4 Pagesof medicine. Dating back to 1819, the earliest clues of both the necessity and deficiency of Vitamin A was first discovered. Many early researchers such as Francois Magendie, Fredrick Gowland Hopkins, Elmer McCollum, Lafayette Mendel, and Thomas Burr Osborn were great successes in discovering the first ever vitamin. Vitamin A is required in our everyday diets still to this day. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that is present in many foods and especially good for vision, our immune system, and even ourRead MoreRikets739 Words   |  3 PagesRickets Human Biology September 17, 2011 Most people know that good nutrition is important for good health. But not many people realize the importance a healthy diet can have on their health and their children’s health for years to come. A good diet helps children grow, develop, and do well in school. It also helps young and older adults to work productively and feel their best. 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It is believed that low Vitamin D levels cause hip fractures, but there is limited information available on vitamin D levels in US women admitted with acute hip fractures. Research was done to determine whether postmenopausal women with hip fractures have low Vitamin D and high parathyroid levels compared with non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic women admittedRead MoreSci/241 Week 5 Fat and Water Soluble Vitamins1222 Words   |  5 PagesFat- and Water-soluble Vitamins Vitamins are primarily classified by solubility. Some vitamins are soluble in water and others are soluble in fat. â€Å"According to The National Institute of Health, the body needs 13 vitamins for normal health.† This includes vitamins A, C, D, E, K and the B complex vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, B6, B12 and folate. Each of these vitamins provides a variety of functions to the body which can be obtained from a well balanced dietRead MoreLipids832 Words   |  4 Pagesin the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. In the digestive tract, fatty acids help form micelle droplets that surround the vitamins to protect them from water and carry them through the digestive tract to the intestinal microvilli so they can be absorbed by the enterocytes. Fat is an essential component of a healthy diet due to the many functions of fat within the body. Without it, one could become deficient in fat-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K are responsible for theRead MoreVitamin D and Nutritional Rickets1742 Words   |  7 PagesRICKETS For Scientific Principles and Health and Disease By: Mackenzie Gray 112-69-7540 April 7, 2010 Rickets is a disease that deals with a deficiency with Vitamin D. Vitamin D is important by controlling calcium and phosphate levels. 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Bla Bla Bla Essay Research Paper Metamorphosisalienation free essay sample

Bla Bla Bla Essay, Research Paper Metamorphosis-alienation In German, the word Kafka uses to depict Gregor Samsa # 8217 ; s transmutation is ungezieter, which is a word used by the Germans during his life-time in mention to the Jews. The actual English interlingual rendition is # 8220 ; monstrous vermin. # 8221 ; Kafka uses Gregor # 8217 ; s household to demo how inhumane society can be. In The Metamorphosis, Kafka uses his experiences to make much of Gregor # 8217 ; s life. He indicates that Gregor # 8217 ; s household merely saw him as a agency of endurance before the alteration and took advantage of him. After the alteration he household is unable to pass on with him because they are blinded by his outer visual aspect. Kafka # 8217 ; s life of disaffection straight associate to his development of Gregor Samsa, the friendless boy who Kafka symbolically turns into a immense, abhorrent animal. Kafka pulls much of his personal experience into the authorship of this book. We will write a custom essay sample on Bla Bla Bla Essay Research Paper Metamorphosisalienation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kafka was a German-speaking Jew in a society where Jews were oppressed. He pulls this into the authorship of the book demoing Gregor # 8217 ; s employer anticipating more of him because he is a Jew. The company does non swear him, even though he has non missed a twenty-four hours of work in five old ages, and a main clerk comes to look into on him. Had this been a German employee, the company would non hold so rapidly questioned his absence. Kafka besides had a unsmooth clip covering with his household because he renounced his Judaic heritage and did non populate up to the outlooks of his tyrannizing male parent. Kafka implies that Gregor # 8217 ; s male parent to beget feels the same manner about Gregor # 8217 ; s life. Gregor # 8217 ; s male parent had hostile purposes when he saw Gregor transformed for the first clip, but so merely cry, conveying his letdown in his boy ( 20 ) . Gregor neer mentions a friend or person outside his household or work that he must explicate his predicam T to one time he morphs into the horrid bug. Kafka had a flourishing societal life, but did Ns ot construct any permanent relationships during his life clip outside of his household. These two similarities show the personal experience Kafka tied into the character of Greor Samsa. Before Gregor is transformed into the animal, he merely the # 8220 ; bread-winner # 8221 ; for his household. Like a work Equus caballus he was merely at that place to function a intent, to pay the measures. His household alienated him from their lives before the alteration. Gregor worked difficult, kep to himself, and had minimum communicating with them because of his long work hours. This is what they came to anticipate and neer tried to alter it to included Gregor in the household. When the alteration takes topographic point, the household is more concerned with how they will last financially than with Gregor # 8217 ; s wellbeing ( 28 ) . Last, Gregor # 8217 ; s household is so disturbed by Gregor # 8217 ; s visual aspect that they can non happen a manner to pass on with him. His household has no thought what to make. Gregor might hold easy been transforming, but they did non notice because they did non care until he could non supply for them. At first they seem to be able to link the ghastly visual aspect of the bug with Gregor, but when they can no longer understand him, they can non penetrate that it is their Gregor. They remove his furniture from his room, taking the last spot of human gloss Gregor had. When the closest people in Gregor # 8217 ; s life turned against him, lasting as a bug for life became impossible. Kafka used this to exemplify that the universe can be a barbarous topographic point to populate through paralleling his ain experiences into Gregor Samsa # 8217 ; s life. Grer was alienated by his household because they merely saw his ability to work and supply for him, non his ability to be a caring individual. Once Gregor was transformed and his household lost all signifier of communicating with him, they feared him and hoped he would maintain to himself. It took Gregor # 8217 ; s transmutation to relize his household had ever set him apart from their group of three.

Japan Business Environment Essay Example

Japan Business Environment Paper Japans industrialized, free-market economy is the third-largest in the world. Japans productivity is low in agriculture but is it highly competitive and efficient in products that are linked with international trade. The mature industrial economy of Japan is largely due to the well-educated and industrious work force, high savings and investment rates and foreign trade. Japans agricultural economy is highly subsidized and protected because just 14 percent of its land is suitable for agriculture. That is why the primary products of Japan are cars, computers, cell phones, cameras and electronics. Two of the most significant events in the history of Japan were the earthquake and the tsunami of 201 1 . Japans economy was dealt a devastating blow by the 9-magnitude earthquake and tsunami that hit the country on March 1 1, 2011. Around 30,000 people were dead or missing. 11 out of the 50 nuclear reactors, which supplied one third of the countrys electricity, were closed down. Source: Carl Weinberg, High Frequency Economics). Rebuilding will raise the productive capacity Of Japan but there would be a substantial increase in national debt. The damage done by the earthquake and tsunami could be seen in figure 1 (next page). Automakers Toyota, Ionians, Honda, Immunities and Suzuki momentarily suspended production. A total of 21 plants; including Sony, were shut in Japan. Japans economy had just only started to pick itself up from the deflationary period and recession. These disasters only added to Japans economic challenges of rising inflation, government debt and shrinking labor LOL. Source: AR, Breach in Reactor, March 25, 2011). The World Bank predicted that the total cost of disaster would be around $100-$325 billion and would take around 5 years to rebuild. Now we would compare the economic growth rate from the 1 asss to 201 0 and then compare the trend of economic growth in recent years. The real growth rate shown in the above graph demonstrates that gr owth rate was stable over the years until 2007, in which there was a drastic fall in the GAP of Japan. This drastic fall is associated with the world recession in which the most developed nations suffered. We will write a custom essay sample on Japan Business Environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Japan Business Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Japan Business Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Japan repaired the damage done in the previous years in 2009. The GAP in 2009 almost increased by 9% from the previous year. Figureheads: Underlying map from U. S. AID. Casualty and damage data from Japan, National Police Agency. Although, countries try to achieve deflation to keep the prices of goods and services in control, but deflation has been persistent in Japan. The policy makers in Japan believe that a higher inflation rate is the only solution for Japans fiscal problems but even achieving a 2% inflation target may not seem enough. The steady rise in the year 2013 is welcomed by countries central inks governors as part of the Japanese governments to overhaul the economy and end 15 years of deflation. Several analysts have attributed the recent increase in inflation to higher energy import costs and not due to increase in consumer spending. A big worry for the economy is that there is wage and consumer goods deflation. The policy makers want to come out with a plan for wage inflation because they feel that if people believe their incomes are higher, then they would be willing to spend money, but this wage inflation right now seems highly unlikely. Japans fiscal condition is not quite DOD among major industrialized countries, with public debts, including those owed by local government expected to reach E. 8 trillion at the end of fiscal 2013. The MIFF has called on Japan to adopt a suitable fiscal plan to reduce the debt. The recently elected prime Minister Shinto Babes government is pondering over whether to go ahead with a sales tax increase which would double the rate to 10 percent a vital source of new income; however this could seriously halt his economy boosting plan. The main economic risk follows from the driving force of the new economic program, the three rows of Bionics; fiscal expansion, monetary policy and structural reform. The fiscal tightening is a big risk with the Japanese economy still in tentative recovery. Another major risk facing Japan is the shortage of electricity which could be a limiting factor for manufacturing activity. This was when the nuclear reactors were shut down after the earthquake and tsunami. Another important risk associated with Japan is the decline in the economically active population. A country like Japan which mostly depends on labor force, will suffer tremendously as this decline in economically active population will become a big risk for investors. CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT Culture of any country greatly influences the dealings of any corporation looking to do business there and Japan is no different. Its unique cultural heritage greatly influences how the business dealings are shaped within the country by its people. Hypotheses Culture Dimensions- Japan: At a score of 54 for Power Distance, Japan is a mildly hierarchical society. Yes, Japanese are always conscious of their hierarchical position in any social setting and act accordingly. However, it is not as hierarchical as most of the other Asian cultures. Some foreigners experience Japan as extremely hierarchical because of their business experience of painstakingly slow decision making process: all the decisions must be confirmed by each hierarchical layer and finally by the top management in Tokyo. Paradoxically, the exact example of their slow decision making process shows that in Japanese society there is no one top guy who can take decision like in more hierarchical societies. Another example of not so high power distance is that Japan has always been a meritocracy society. There is a strong notion in the Japanese education system that everybody is born equal and anyone can get head and become anything if he works hard enough. Japan scores 46 on the Individualism dimension. Certainly Japanese society shows many of the characteristics of a collectivist society: such as putting harmony of group above the expression of individual opinions and everyone has a strong sense of shame for losing face. However, it is not as collectivist as most of her Asian neighbors. The most popular explanation for this is that Japanese society does not have extended family system which forms a base of more collectivist societies such as China and Korea. Japan has been a paternalistic society and the family name and asset was inherited from father to the eldest son. The younger siblings had to leave home and make their own living with their core families. One seemingly paradox example is that Japanese are famous for their loyalty to their companies, while Chinese seem to job hop more easily. However, company loyalty is something which people have chosen for themselves, which is an individualistic thing to do. You could say that the Japanese in-group is situational. While in more collectivist culture, people are loyal to their inner group by birth, such as their extended family ND their local community. Japanese are experienced as collectivist by Western standards and experienced as individualistic by Asian standards. They are more private and reserved than most other Asians. At 95, Japan is one of the most masculine societies in the world. However, in combination with their mild collectivism, you do not see assertive and competitive individual behaviors which we often associate with masculine culture. What you see is a severe competition between groups. From very young age at kindergartens, children learn to compete on sports day for their groups (traditionally red team against white team). In corporate Japan, you see that employees are most motivated when they are fighting in a winning team against their competitors. What you also see as an expression of masculinity in Japan is the drive for excellence and perfection in their material production (monotonous) and in material services (hotels and restaurants) and presentation (gift wrapping and food presentation) in every aspect Of life. Notorious Japanese workaholics is another expression of their masculinity. It is still hard for women to climb up the corporate ladders in Japan with their masculine norm of hard and long working hours. At 92 Japan is one of the most uncertainties avoiding countries on earth. This is often attributed to the fact that Japan is constantly threatened by natural disasters from earthquakes, tsunamis (this is a Japanese word used internationally), typhoons to volcano eruptions. Under these circumstances Japanese learned to prepare themselves for any uncertain situation. This goes not only for the emergency plan and precautions for sudden natural disasters but also for every other aspects of society. You could say that in Japan anything you do is prescribed for maximum predictability. From cradle to grave, life is highly radicalized and you have a lot of ceremonies. For example, there is opening and closing ceremonies of every school year which are conducted almost exactly the same way everywhere in Japan. At weddings, funerals and other important social events, what people wear and how people should behave are prescribed in great detail in etiquette books. School teachers and public servants are reluctant to do things without precedence. In corporate Japan, a lot of time and effort is put into feasibility studies and all the risk factors must be worked out before any project can start. Managers ask for all the detailed facts and figures before taking any decision. This high need for uncertainty avoidance is one of the reasons why changes are so difficult to realize in Japan. At 80 Japan scores as one of the long term oriented societies. Japanese see their life as a very short moment in a long history of mankind. From this perspective, some kind Of fatalism is not strange to the Japanese. You do your best in your life time and that is all what you can do. Notion of the one and only almighty God is not familiar to Japanese. People live their lives guided by virtues and practical good examples. In corporate Japan, you see long term orientation in the constantly high rate of investment in RD even in economically difficult times, higher own capital rate, priority to steady growth of market share rather than to a quarterly profit, and so on. They all serve the durability of the companies. The idea behind it is that the companies are not here to make money every quarter for the shareholders, but to serve the stake holders and society at large for many generations to come (e. G. Matthias). Business Dealings in Japan: Firstly, the Japanese community thrives on the principle of community based vying and group orientation is ingrained deep into the roots of all Japanese. Altruism, team-work and group cohesiveness are all areas greatly stressed. Individual identity is defined by the social group. Consequently, when doing business, the Japanese stress compromise and self-discipline. Community gains are deemed to be better than individual gains in Japanese culture. With its roots in Confucianism, hierarchical structures in the country classify an individuals position within a group and in society. Status is determined by factors such as age, employment, company and family background. The aerographical system dictates that due respect be afforded to those of higher status. Behavior of Japanese is varied in accordance with the hierarchical structure of the community. In order to preserve harmony in society and to maintain the clarity of the hierarchical structure, showing respect to others acts as a crucial social lubricant. Respect is conveyed through language, behavior, etiquette, body language and other subtle forms of non-verbal communication. For example, the bow is an integral part of Japanese society. It is used when meeting, getting attention, to show gratitude, to express sympathy or as an apology. There is heightened sense of formality in Japanese interaction. It is important to use proper titles when addressing someone, so as to establish the position of the other person. The exchanging of business cards when doing business in Japan involves a degree of ceremony. The card is seen to represent the individual, and so is treated with respect. When exchanging the card is offered with both hands or just the right hand. Care must be taken to ensure there is no barrier between the giver of the card and its recipient such as a table, chair or plant. When accepting two hands should always be used as this shows deference. When doing business in Japan a successful relationship with a Japanese colleague or client is based on three factors: sincerity, compatibility and trustworthiness. Sincerity means that you are compromising; understanding and you want to conduct business on a personal level. Compatibility is established when you are seen to be concerned about the personal relationship, the well-being of the company and not just focused on financial gain. Trustworthiness relates to the faith put in you to protect from loss face. The emphasis in Japanese culture on maintaining harmony has developed in such a way as to allow very ague forms of expression. The cultural logic behind this is that by avoiding direct or explicit statements one has a better chance of not causing offense. The term say one, understand ten applies perfectly to Japanese communication. The Japanese are implicit communicators and expect business partners to have a thorough understanding of the background information pertaining to the topics that are being discussed. Ignorance is usually viewed as sign of disinterest and lack of commitment; factors which can severely undermine business relations in Japan. Business meetings in Japan are also shaped by cultural influences. In line with group orientation, meetings are done by teams rather than individuals. Each member is part of the team to bring forward their own expertise on a certain area. A senior member in the hierarchical chain is present ceremoniously to represent the company which is in line with the Japanese cultures emphasis on hierarchies and stature. In meetings, it is expected that greetings be done in descending order with the senior most employee greeted first. Meetings usually take place for only one of three reasons: to build rapport, exchange information or confirm previously made decisions. Decisions are rarely made in a meeting. LEGAL ENVIRONMENT IN JAPAN Import Requirements and Documentation Japanese customs regulations can be cumbersome, difficult to understand, and duplicative, but they are largely mechanical. Nearly all customs difficulties result from first time applications. Japanese customs officials are generally helpful when it comes to explaining procedures and regulations, and once these are understood and followed, difficulties are usually minimal. It may be necessary to employ an import agent or customs broker to help facilitate customs entry. Certain items may require a Japanese import license. These include hazardous materials, animals, plants, perishables, and in some cases articles of high value. Import quota items also require an import license, usually valid for four months from the date of issuance. Other necessary documents for IS. S. Exporters may include an Import Declaration Form (Customs Form C-5020) and a certificate of origin if the goods are entitled to favorable duty treatment determined by preferential or h,VETO rates. In practice, shipments from the United States are routinely assessed using WTFO or temporary/ rates without a certificate of origin. Any additional documents accessory as proof of compliance with relevant Japanese laws, standards, and regulations at the time of import may also apply. Correct packing, marking, and labeling are critical to smooth customs clearance in Japan. Straw packing materials are prohibited. Documents required for customs clearance in Japan include standard shipping documents such as a commercial invoice, packing list, and an original and signed bill of lading, or, if shipped by air, an air waybill. Air shipments of values greater than must also include a commercial invoice. The commercial invoice should be as descriptive as possible on each item in the shipment. The packing list should include the exact contents and measurement of each container, including the gross and net weights of each package. The Japanese Measurement Law requires that all weights and measures on packing list be reflected in Metric System values. Japan prohibits the importation of certain items including narcotics, firearms, explosives, counterfeit currency, pornography, and products that violate intellectual property laws. Temporary Entry Japan is a member of the International Convention to Facilitate the Importation of Commercial Samples and Advertising Materials under the ATA Carnet System. Use of a carnet allows goods such as commercial and exhibition samples, professional equipment, musical instruments, and television cameras to be carried or sent temporarily into a foreign country without paying duties or posting bonds. Advertising materials, including brochures, films, and photographs, may enter Japan duty free. Articles intended for display but not for sale at trade fairs and similar events are also permitted to enter duty free but only when the fair or event is held at a bonded exhibition site. After the event, these bonded articles must be re- exported or stored at a bonded facility. A commercial invoice for these goods should be marked no commercial value, CUstomS purposes only and these goods are for exhibition and are to be returned after conclusion of the exhibition. It is also important to identify the trade show or exhibition site, including exhibition booth number (if known), on shipping documents. Labeling and Marking Requirements For most products there is no requirement for country of origin labeling, though some categories such as beverages and foods do require such labeling. If labels indicating origin are later determined to be false or misleading, the labels must be removed or corrected. False or misleading labels which display the names of countries, regions or flags other than the country of origin, and/or names of manufacturers or designers outside the country of origin are not permissible. Japanese law requires labels for products in four categories: textiles, electrical appliances and apparatus, plastic products and miscellaneous household and consumer goods. Because the relevant regulations apply specifically to individual products, it is important for U. S. Exporters to work with a prospective agent or importer to ensure the exporters product meets applicable requirements. Generally, cost labeling laws are not required at the customs clearance stage, but at the point of sale. Consequently, it is most common for Japanese importers to affix a label before or after clearing customs. Food and agricultural products are subject to a number of complex labeling regulations in Japan. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MIFF) has established mandatory quality labeling standards that all producers, distributors and other operators must follow. Japans Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MALL) administers separate voluntary and mandatory standards such as nutritional labeling and DOD additive/allergen labeling for processed foods and beverages. Prohibited and Restricted Imports Japan strictly prohibits entry of narcotics and related utensils, firearms, firearm parts and ammunition, explosives and gunpowder, counterfeit goods or imitation coins or currency, obscene materials, or goods that violate intellectual property rights. Other restricted items include but are not limited to certain agricultural and meat products, endangered species and products such as ivory, animal parts and fur where trade is banned by international treaty. In addition, Japan imposes restrictions on the sale or use of certain reduces including those related to health such as medical products, pharmaceuticals, agricultural products and chemicals. For these products, Japanese Customs reviews and evaluates the product for import suitability before shipment to Japan. The use of certain chemicals and other additives in foods and cosmetics is severely regulated and follows a positive list approach. Regarding importation of products for personal use, Japan restricts more than two months supply of medicines (drugs or quasi-drugs) or more than 24 units (of normal size) of similar cosmetic products. Please note that DOD (hand) soaps, shampoos, toothpastes, hair dye and other toiletries fall under the category Of quasi-drugs or cosmetics. Veterinary drugs are subject to import restrictions in accordance with Japans Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. Quality Standards Overview Many domestic and imported products alike are subject to product testing and cannot be sold in Japan without certification of compliance with prescribed standards. Knowledge of, and adherence to, these standards and their testing procedures can be the key to making or breaking a sale. Product requirements in Japan fall into two categories: technical regulations (or mandatory standards) and non-mandatory voluntary standards. Compliance with regulations and standards is also governed by a certification system in which inspection results determine whether or not approval (certification/ quality mark) is granted. Approval is generally required before a product can be sold in the market or even displayed at a trade show; unapproved medical equipment may be displayed at a trade show if accompanied by a sign indicating that the product is not yet approved for sale. To affix a mandatory quality mark or a voluntary quality mark requires prior product type approval ND possibly factory inspections for quality control assessment. Regulated products must bear the appropriate mandatory mark when shipped to Japan in order to clear Japanese Customs. Regulations may apply not only to the product itself, but also to package Eng, marking or labeling requirements, testing, transportation and storage, and installation. Compliance with voluntary standards and obtaining voluntary marks of approval can greatly enhance a products sales potential and help win Japanese consumer acceptance. There are two ongoing trends in Japan regarding standards. One s a move toward reform of such standards, and the other is a move toward harmonize them with prevailing international standards. While reform is underway, there are numerous laws containing Japan-specific mandatory standards and most have not been translated into English. Therefore, it is important that a Japanese agent or partner be fully aware of the wide variety of standards in effect that could impact the sale of the exported product. Major laws stipulating standards that apply to products in Japan include Electrical Appliance and Material Control Law, Consumer Product Safety Law, Gas utility Industry Law Food Sanitation Law, Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, Road Vehicles Law and Building Standards Law Product Liability Insurance Japanese business entities are subject to various laws and product safety standards, which vary depending upon the industry or product segment. Japanese importers/distributes of foreign products, in general, cover product liability risk through the product liability clause in their own liability insurance. The covered items and exemptions may vary from underwriter to underwriter and among industry segments. Whether the U. S. Exporter will be required to u product liability insurance to cover worldwide or specific overseas markets for their exports will be subject to negotiation with the firms Japanese business partner and the advice of legal counsel. Accreditation The Japan Accreditation System for Product Certification Bodies of IIS Mark (JAGS) is an accreditation program defined by the Japanese Industrial Standards (IIS) Law, and operate d by the JAGS office in MEET. JAGS accredits product certification bodies in the private sector and allows them to certify companies so that they may place the IIS Mark on their products. A limited umber of testing laboratories in the united States above have also been designated by various Japanese government agencies to test and approve U. S. Products for compliance with Japanese mandatory certification systems and laws. Products not covered by these arrangements must be tested and approved by Japanese testing labs before these products can be sold in Japan. Labeling and Marking The voluntary Japan Industrial Standards (IIS) mark, administered by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (MEET), applies to nearly 600 different industrial products and consists of over 8,500 standards.

A Predominant Social Barriers on Asian Cultures Essay Example

A Predominant Social Barriers on Asian Cultures Paper According to Health Resources Services Administration, sixty-five to seventy-five percent of all patients seen in a non-profit healthcare clinic live below the poverty level. Providing effective health care to low income families requires an understanding of the potential cultural barriers, which may be faced. These barriers include social, language, religion, and technological issues. The majority of our patients from foreign cultures are Hispanic or Asian. Due to this fact, we will discuss the barriers of dealing with those from Hispanic and Asian Cultures, and offer possible solutions to overcome these obstacles effectively. The number of immigrants entering the United States has been rapidly increasing over the last few years. For instance, the number of Asians in the United States has grown to more than 9 million in 1996. In 1996, there were over 28 million Hispanics in the United States, and the numbers are only increasing. The rapid growth of these two cultures in United States has made overcoming cultural barriers crucial in managing a non-profit healthcare clinic. A predominate social barrier in dealing with those from the Asian culture is their reluctance to disclose personal information to anyone outside of their family. We will write a custom essay sample on A Predominant Social Barriers on Asian Cultures specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Predominant Social Barriers on Asian Cultures specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Predominant Social Barriers on Asian Cultures specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Due to this, they may not be honest and forth coming in giving physicians or other medical staff personal or critical information needed for their treatment. When it comes to healthcare for Asian women, they do not seek out medical care for Gynecological exams because they feel it is an invasion of their body and considered improper and very humiliating for the women. Differences between Asian culture and the American culture are the majority of health issues of Asians are not often addressed in the American health care system. However, the Asian culture is not the only culture that is facing social and economic barriers to healthcare. With the numbers of immigrants increasing, what can we do to ensure that our clinic will be able to address the social and economic issues of all patients? First, we will need to hire someone to act as a cultural liaison, who not only has knowledge about the differing cultures, but can also speak the language. Second, we will need to address these issues and barriers with our clients to successfully seek out ways to eliminate any future barriers we may face. Our educational programs will address issues that range from preventing sexual diseases, use of birth control, and understanding your body all the way to addressing the needs of children. We plan to make our clinic accessible to all low-income families by assuring our potential clients that we are not interested in their legal status, but in the health of their families. We believe by making the clinic’s fees based on a schedule of one’s income, that we are making healthcare affordable for everyone. The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996 Welfare Act†) was the major overhaul of the welfare system that many Americans were looking for to decrease the many who are taking advantage of their hard earned money. One of the main points in the welfare reform legislation deters non- citizens from applying for public assistance. Even if they are eligible, they may fear that receiving public benefits will make them inadmissible or deportable. The many health problems that are prevalent in the Hispanic population are due to lack of adequate health care programs available to non-citizens. Due to that lack of citizenship, they are ineligible for federal health assistance programs such as Medicaid, even if their incomes are low enough to qualify. The lack of availability of health care in the Hispanic population is mainly due to their citizenship status; even with low incomes, Hispanics are ineligible for health care programs such as Medicaid. Non-profit health care clinics do not fall under the Public Charge Law, they are exempt from having to verify immigration status, even if they provide a federal, state, or local public service, and they may not be penalized for not verifying immigration status. State and local governments may not impose verification requirements on such organizations. To be exempt, an organization must be both nonprofit and charitable. With over 600 community and non-profit health centers around the United States, the undocumented populations are assured good quality care without having to worry about being turned into the INS. One of the first types of health center being excluded from the Public Charge Law were Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) with the average number of undocumented aliens served a month being 4,316, at the cost of only $3,258 for all (Bureau of Primary Health Care). Another common barrier between cultures is the difference in language. According to the 1990 United States Census Bureau, almost 2,300 people in Oklahoma over the age of 18 do not speak any English. Over 48,000 of Oklahomans are Spanish speaking. One problem language barriers create is the inability of the patients to communicate with the physician. Often, the physician is unable to clearly understand the symptoms the patient is describing. According to Charles Warren, an anesthesia technician at Mercy Health Center, only 8% of the doctors in the hospitals are multilingual. The breakdown in communication between the doctor and patient can multiply the possibilities of a misdiagnosis. This can cause harm to the patient and make doctors vulnerable to malpractice lawsuits. Another danger, associated with a language barrier, is the possibility of the patients misunderstanding the doctor’s instructions for the medication. A solution for this would be to provide an interpreter to assist the doctor while treating this patient. Many healthcare facilities, such has Mercy Hospital, have a variety of employees who are multilingual, so they may be called upon to provide translation between and doctor and a patient. The hospital’s MIS (Medical Information System) tracks these employees. One option currently available is known as a translator box. It is a service available where the attending physician calls an 800 number and is connected with the interpreter company, the physician informs the company what language he/she needs, and within minutes an interpreter for that particular language is online and ready to assist the physician as needed. Another problem is if the patient cannot read or speak English, they cannot understand the forms they must fill out in order to receive financial assistance for healthcare. The government or insurance agencies that require these forms should distribute these forms in needed languages to all health care facilities, or make them available on a website where the language needed can be chosen and then the forms can be printed. A non-profit health center must have a strategy for dealing with religious barriers. For instance, the Mexican cultural mainly practices Catholicism and attends mass regularly. Catholic doctrine states, â€Å"Direct action to prevent the possibility of human life is impermissible in all circumstances, both when a person is living, dying, or yet to be conceived. Thus contraception may not be used because it is direct action against the possibility of life†. Catholicism even goes so far as to publish an online directory called â€Å"Ethics and Meds†. In â€Å"Ethics and Meds†, they offer books that can be purchased like â€Å"Ethical Principle In Catholic Health Care† which adds the point that the Catholic Church wants its congregation to follow guidelines set by the Church. The physician who is legally and morally bound to follow a set standard in providing health care will provide the patient with the needed information regarding birth control. The responsibility should rest, however, on the patient to inform the physician about their religious beliefs regarding birth control Society usually looks towards a licensed doctor to get advice and heal us. When dealing with the Asian person who practices Buddhism, they must take into account that some strands of this religion have a potential for incorporating religion into their beliefs of healing and restoration of health, for example; healing of the soul, and Acupuncture and Bowen Therapy may be two of those ways to heal the soul. Using acupuncture releases the energy channels by putting pressure on a diseased area. Doctors or a therapist uses a needle to prick the skin regulate and correct the flow of energy in the body. The second one is Bowen Therapy, a subtle muscle/nerve/ connective tissue technique. Unlike massage and other manipulations that try to force a change, Bowen simply resets the body to heal itself. The results are profound and lasting, and usually apparent within two or three sessions. A clinic may want to incorporate these different services for its Buddhist patients. When dealing with these two different religions a non-profit health care clinic must find different ways of helping the patient. The patient needs to be forthright in mentioning how they need to be treated. For instance, a practicing Catholic needs to mention to the doctor that they will not need any information on birth control or family planning. A practicing Buddhist should mention they use holistic medicine. The doctor needs to take the initiative to learn about the religious issues so that he/she can practice, or employ a licensed alternative practitioner to provide these services. Today’s medical technology, if available and used properly, can be a huge benefit in operating and managing a low-income healthcare center. Doctor’s skills, along with the latest medical technology have accounted for saving many lives. Many of the Latino counties are considered third world countries and the people there often do not have access to the latest advances in medical technology. Most are not aware they exist. Many times a person of the Latino culture will not seek medical assistance due to the fact they believe there is nothing the doctors can do for them. Many low-income Latinos suffer for a long time with ailments that can result in permanent effects and even death. Not being aware of the latest advances in medical technology, many feel they are better off attempting to treat themselves with a homemade remedy. These remedies are often ineffective and can even make matters worse. Medical education programs that inform people of advances in medical technology need to be more readily available for patients. These programs inform the patients of the benefits of today’s medical technology, and educate them on the numerous ways the doctors can treat the patients effectively. In doing this, patients from less advanced cultures are often willing to seek medical attention promptly. Often a doctor who went to medical school in a third world country is not instructed in the latest in medical technology. In extenuating circumstances, these doctors are allowed visas to the United States as long as the doctor works in an area, which is designated as a HPSA (health physician shortage area). These doctors, not being aware of the technology available to them in the United States, often rely on older and less effective methods of treating patients. In conclusion, we have addressed the social, language, religion, and technological barriers facing a non-profit health care center that affect the Hispanic and Asian cultures. We have also provided solutions to overcome those barriers in providing health care. If non-profit health care centers will incorporate the resolutions, they would be able to effectively provide quality health care to the Asian and Hispanic population. Works Cited 1. Factors Affecting the Health of Women of Color, http://www. 4women. gov/owh/pub/woc/ hispanic. htm 2. Karen A. Woodrow and Jeffrey S. Passel, Post-IRCA undocumented immigration to the United States: â€Å"An Assessment Based on the June 1988 CPS†, p. 53, 3. Bean, Edmonston, and Passel, Undocumented Migration to the U. S. Washington, The RAND Corporation 1990 4. Miller, Theodore Jr. , Holistic Health, â€Å"Medical Irony at Its Best†, http://reikimaster. net/holistic 5. National Catholic Bioethics Center, Ethical Principle in Catholic Health Care, http://www. nbcenter. org/cubs_ethicalpriciple. html

Music Censorship essays

Music Censorship essays Eventually it was discovered that God did not all want us to be the same. This was bad news for the governments of the world...Mankind must be made more uniformly if THE FUTURE was going to work out... It was about this time that someone came up with the idea of TOTAL CRIMINALIZATION, based on the principle that if we were ALL crooks we could at least be uniform to some degree in the eyes of the law. Shrewdly our legislators calculated that most people were too lazy to perform REAL CRIME. So new laws were made making it possible for anyone to violate them at any time of the day or night... which is one of the reasons why music was eventually made ILLEGAL. - Frank Zappa This quote from Frank Zappa is about how music and lyrics and censorship are so controversial that it has come to the point where people want to make music illegal. Censorship in music is a topic that has brought about much controversy in the past two decades. There have been many different arguments on the topic, however the question still remains if it should be censored or not. Some people believe that music should be censored so all audiences can hear it without it containing any controversial lyrics. Others believe it should not be censored and musical artists should be able to sing, speak, rap, or rhyme freely without anyone censoring them. People that think music should be censored believe that some of the language musical artists use is vulgar, obscene, and crude. Also the fact that music is played on medias such as radio and television, which are free to listen to by all audiences, there are many parents that would not wish for their kids to hear foul language. So on radio and television any controversial language is either silenced, edited out by a soft sound, or some artists make 2 versions of their songs; one that is made for the artists album, which is uncensored, and one for the television and radio with any ...

Biology home worl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biology home worl - Essay Example nd shows the status of the daughter strand after the action of DNA polymerase, DNA primase,  and DNA ligase,  and  could represent a final resulting strand sequence  after DNA replication is complete. The DNA polymerase enzyme that was synthesizing the leading daughter strand  in this  example, shown again below, would be producing that daughter strand of  DNA from the right  side of the page toward the  left. In the scenario presented above in question #2, we can also see whats happening on the lagging strand with our snapshot.   The lagging strand (the second daughter strand) is being copied from the parental strand  complementary to the one you deciphered in question #3.  Ã‚   During  DNA synthesis, the replication forks are bi-directional (two forks unzip the DNA helix in both directions), and thus  there are a total of  two DNA polymerase enzymes simultaneously working on this replication  zone.   HINT: look again at your packet from class and the drawing of the replication bubble. An enzyme called __________________ unwinds the double helix, but thank goodness for the enzyme _________________ which is responsible for relieving the coiling or supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.   During the synthesis of DNA, DNA polymerase breaks the bond between the first and second phosphates from an incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphate. In the process, a new bond links two nucleotides together, from the carbon in position # 3 with the carbon atom in position # 5, of the sugar.   You are more likely to be struck by lightning in a given year (based on average Homo sapiens  activity,  which doesnt include those people who stand at the top of a Colorado  alpine ridge with a metal rod in late July), than for a mistake to result from the replication of DNA and not be corrected  (based on the average number of errors per number of nucleotide bases,  after proofreading and DNA repair is complete. DNA can be replicated for the purpose of cell division.   However, the

Traditional Chinese Medicine. Tao He Cheng Qi Tang Essay

Traditional Chinese Medicine. Tao He Cheng Qi Tang - Essay Example night sweats. Cold signifies reduced functional level of an organ system. The patients will present with chills, body aches, poor circulation, fatigue, anorexia, indigestion, diarrhoea, arthralgia or joint pains, slow speech and tardy movements, aversion to cold and inclination to warmth or heat. This embodies patients with hypoendocrine conditions. Damp indicates fluid excess in the body with lack of thirst, abdominal bloating, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, sense of heaviness of the body, and joint pains with stiffness and soreness. Dryness is the reverse of dampness where the clinical picture consists of dry hair, lips, mouth, nose, skin, throat; excessive thirst and constipation (Wang, H.M., 2006).Tai yang syndrome is the Chinese name of Wind/Cold. This is a disharmony, and if this progresses or moves deeper into body, it may convert into Shao Yang, where Wind/Cold may come to exist side by side with Wind/Heat. Each phase of symptoms has characteristic signs and symptoms and specific treatment directed to reversal of the condition. When a physician consults patients, the first step is to exclude extrinsic or exogenous disease. When excluded, the next step is to identify intrinsic disease. The exogenous diseases are identified by two methods. These are syndrome differentiation according to six meridians or syndrome differentiation according to defense system, wei; vital energy, qi; nutrient, ying; or blood, xue. The six meridian method investigates pathological alterations over an exogenous disease, specially for shanghan, which is acute disease caused by exogenous cold evils. This is recognized clinically as chills, general aches and pains, belching, a tense... Liao, H., Banbury, L.K., and Leach, D. N., (2007). Elucidation of Danzhixiaoyao Wan and Its Constituent Herbs on Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production, Evidence Based Complementary Alternative Medicine; 0.1093/ecam/nel091.

Gentrification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gentrification - Essay Example What is Gentrification? Through researching this phenomenon, one discovers that there is no finite definition of the term. The term was coined in 1964 by sociologist Ruth Glass when she used examples of London Districts as illustrations to define what the term meant: One by one, many of the working quarters of London have been invaded by the middle-class upper and lower. Shabby modest mews and cottages-two rooms up an two rooms down-have taken over, when their leases have expired, and become elegant, expensive residences [†¦] once this process of gentrification starts in a district it goes on rapidly until all or most of the working class occupiers are displaced and the whole social character is changed. In the Encyclopedia of Housing it is defined as â€Å"the process by which central urban neighborhoods that have undergone disinvestments and economic decline experience a reversal, reinvestments, and the in-migration of relatively well off, middle and upper middle class popula tion† (Smith) Then Hammel and Wyly difine gentrification as â€Å"the replacement of low-income, inner-city working class residents by middle-or upper –class households, either through the market for existing housing or demolition to make way for new up-scale housing construction: (Hammel) And the United States Department of Housing and Urban development defines gentrification as â€Å"the process by which a neighborhood occupied by low-income households undergo revitalization or reinvestment through the arrival of upper-income households†.... predominant common thread and motivation point to, (3) influx or the relatively affluent or gentry and (4) an increase in investment. Friedmann who lays down a hypothetical framework on which to build a study of global cities, used one of his components to his seven part theory the emergence of a bifurcated (to divide into two branches) service industry in major cities, which is composed of on the one hand, a high percentage of professionals specialized in control functions and, on the other, a vast army of low-skilled workers engaged inpersonal services[that] cater to the privileged classes for those whose sake the city primarily exists. (Friedmann) In Amsterdam social cleansing seems to be the appropriate name for deliberate policies aimed at removing a section of the population-a criminal underclass, or those with low-incomes. It is often inspired by a belief that a city (and its administration) has failed, if such people live there. The emergence of active policies to change the population mix in an entire city is related to the neoliberal idea that cities are a sort of business, competing in a global market of cities, and that successful cities have successful inhabitants. Unlike gentrification, Social cleansing is always government initiated. However, in Amsterdam, it is difficult to discern the difference between the two in either stated purpose or actual implementation. Low income bans in Amsterdam is a legal instrument. The first phase of gentrification in Amsterdam is where art and culture areprominent-the first art gallery in a working class neighborhood is a classic sign of

Analysing Homelessness along with its causes and effects

Analysing Homelessness along with its causes and effects Though the economy has been getting better slowly but surely, one issue has been apparent throughout the past years and remains to get much attention due to the need of its solution. The homeless population within the United States has been steadily rising since the late 1970 s when the housing and social service cuts increased and the economy went on a downward spiral. All types of people have been impacted by many types of factors that led them to their homeless position. The U.S. federal government defines homeless individuals as: those who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence; have a primary nighttime residence that is: [either] a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations (including welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for the mentally ill); an institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalizes; or a public or private place not desi gned for, or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings, (Swick, 2004). Though the number of homeless people in America still climbs, child homelessness seems to be the most prevalent among the rapidly growing group. Policies have been constructed and enacted, their effectiveness is not yet apparent. Many organizations have ideas for solving the problem, but are faced with road blocks due to the long-term process of enacting possible solutions. In a vicious cycle, once one becomes homeless, he or she is likely to remain that way for a long period of time. Some public policies work with the homeless, while others make it harder to get out of the cycle. Within the U.S. the main cause of homelessness is the lack of affordable housing. Besides that, other factors include mental illnesses, substance abuse, and low-paying jobs. Some minor causes include prisoner release, unemployment, domestic violence, and poverty. Family units are the largest and fastest growing segment of the homeless population. Though homelessness is impossible to measure to complete accuracy due to the lack of communication between all homeless and the surveyors along with the problem of finding the homeless, the estimates still prove to be rather shocking. According to a 2008 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development report an estimated 671,888 people experienced homelessness in one night in January 2007, (PBS, 2009). Within New York City by itself, officials reported that 6,252 families are lodging nightly in city shelters (NYPIRG). The website also reports that nearly 1 in 5 children within the U.S. live in poverty, therefore the U.S. child poverty rate is much higher than that of most other industrialized nations. In its 1998 survey of 30 cities, the U.S. Conference of Mayors found that the homeless population was 49% African-American, 32% Caucasian, 12% Hispanic, 4% Native American, and 3% Asian, (NYPIRG). This means that homelessness affects people of all sorts, without regard to race or other factors. Mental illness is a huge factor in the homeless community. Approximately 20-25% of homeless, single adults suffers from some form of a severe mental illness, specifically one that is persistent. According to the Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness, only 5-7% of homeless persons with mental illness require institutionalization; most can live in the community with appropriate supportive housing options, (NYPIRG). This is a rather hypocritical comment mainly due to the fact that the reason those people are on the street is because of their illness, if they don t receive the help they need, they will remain homeless. There are those communities who chose to take care of the problem rather than watch it get worse. Washington County in Portland, Oregon had a huge population growth within the past 20 years. Some of these people though, were traveling homeless people. What used to be limited to a few homeless individuals known to local residents on a first-name basis , and who were taken care of for the most part by the faith-based community and law enforcement, now became a population of more than 1,200 homeless adults, (Spanbock, 2008). No services were offered to these homeless people, so the community felt that something had to be done. Almost half of the countys homeless adults suffered from mental health challenges, so in 2004 a program was established for single homeless adults with severe and persistent mental illnesses. Luke-Dorf, Inc. thought of the idea due to their experience with adult mental healthcare. Though it took time, the Garret Lee Smith Safe Haven was opened in December of 2006. It went on to serve 10 formerly homeless people at their own level of need. As the success of the facility became more visible, a new center was opened within a year that now serves 25 formerly homeless people. As a result of this, they have seen many improvements and accomplishments: the newly renovated homes that house the facilities improve the l ook of the town, the facility gets a few homeless people off the streets, and a creation of new social service employment opportunities (Spanbock, 2008). This county is proof that not all solutions to homelessness have to come from public policy, but can stem from small groups wanting to make a big difference. Apart from the mentally ill, children are another large group within the homeless population. It is estimated that as many as one in 50 U.S. children (1.5 million) are homeless or precariously housed in temporary quarters such as motels and shelters, (Cohen, 2009). In a report about child homelessness specifically, Cohen shows that the ten cities most affected by child homelessness are Nevada, North Mexico, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Kentucky, Georgia, Florida, and North Carolina. The National Center on Family Homelessness recently launched the Campaign to End Child Homelessness which proposes initiatives that would help children get into more stable situations and in the end brighten their outlook on life in the future. Some believe that its up to the U.S. government to end child homelessness by imposing policies that can be enacted at all levels of the government. It is possible to end child homelessness [in the United States] within a decade, (Cohen, 2009) which wou ld mean that if all the right programs and policies were implemented, the trend of growing child homelessness could be reversed even in this recession. Some of the more prevalent recommendations at the federal level include creating new low-income housing units, providing more housing vouchers, temporarily increasing food stamp benefits, raising of the minimum wage, and making it easier for homeless children to attend public schools. An issue that seems to be easily looked over is the idea that if a family is homeless, it makes it hard for the parents to find child care so that they may work. There is an extremely small number of child care facilities that would provide childcare to parents that dont have a fixed income. Yet without the childcare, most of those parents arent able to go to work to actually have that fixed income. As of right now, only Massachusetts gives priority to children who are homeless when distributing [child care] vouchers, (Cohen, 2009). If more states did t hings that way, the homeless population would decline in a major way. Once one is homeless, its hard for them to become financially stable again. This rings true to homeless children and young adults as well. According to the social adaptation hypothesis, the longer young people are homeless the more they adapt to homelessness as a way of life, (Johnson Chamberlain, 2008). This is why it is critical to get these children and young adults off the streets as soon as possible in order to lessen the final impact of homelessness. According to their survey of 1,677 individuals who became homeless before they turned 18, Johnson and Chamberlain (2008) found that 75% progressed to adult homelessness. It is estimated that between 1.5 and 2 million youth under age 18 are homeless and unaccompanied by a parent or guardian for at least one night, (Dworsky, 2010). The difference between the youth and adult homeless population is that a majority of homeless youth chose to leave their home. Apart from that most are homeless because they are abandoned by their parents or are forced to leave their home. Others grow out of the foster care system or are released from the juvenile justice system. The experiences they have are also different from other homeless elders, depending on whether they are living on the streets, squatting in abandoned buildings, staying in shelters, or couch surfing among family members, friends, and even strangers, (Dworsky, 2010). Though some progress has been made to get the homeless youth off the streets, the major benefactors have been housing-based independent living programs that give the youth a place to stay as well as teach them things necessary to get out of the system. Just like any other young adult, the homeless need specific things in order to transition to their adulthood properly. A safe and stable living environment is a primary need of the homeless youth, when someone is on their own, they dont have the ability to learn things necessary for living successfully. Budgeting, meal preparation, hygiene, conflict resolution, and time management are just some life lessons that the homeless youth does not necessarily receive. An education is just as important as the previous points, if one does not get a degree, he or she is most likely to remain in the homeless system with low chances of getting well paying jobs. The Lighthouse Youth Services in Cincinnati, Ohio, is one of few organizations that helps prevent homelessness among specifically foster youth and juvenile offenders. With its Independent Living Program, The Lighthouse Youth Services has made a huge impact on the youth that has entered it. Of the 455 youth who entered durin g the six-year period between 2001 and 2006, 60% had completed high school or obtained a GED, 31% were employed or had completed a vocational training program, and one-half were living independently at the time they were discharged from the program, (Dworsky, 2010). It s apparent that if the effort is made, and the help is offered, the homeless youth will not have as negative results as expected. Though much of the homeless youth chose to leave, it s doubtful they chose to give up the rest of their lives. Given the chance, they d surely pick their life back up and better their living habits and opportunities. Though the demographic may be smaller, the same issues face the homeless of Springfield, MO as do the rest of the nation. According to Randy McCoy (2010), families are the fastest growing of the homeless population in Springfield. Over three hundred go unsheltered every day. In the winter of 2009, 457 individuals were homeless of which 301 were family units. In a 2006 documentary about the homeless community in Springfield, its estimated that there are 600 homeless individuals in Springfield on any given night. Of those, 250 don t have a place to stay each night. Beverly Tadeja, the director of social services at the Missouri Hotel notes the following: [You can] see people in the dumpsters, that s a perfect example. They stay in there (women especially) in their mental state, they want to be protected. Well, they turn around and go into the dumpster for protection, so they don t get beat up or raped, or whatever. Whatever the situation is. So they find that a security because it s li ke a shelter to them, (2006). Out of the 250 people that don t have a place to stay at night, many have to make decisions like the above mentioned on a daily basis. They have no protection from the outside world and choose to protect themselves in the way they find most suitable under their conditions. In 2008, a survey was drafted about 148 people living in Springfield who were homeless during any period of their life. The report was finished, but lacked feedback from the agency giving helpful information in order to fully complete it. The sample was selected by asking homeless individuals if they had spent the previous night in a place meant for human habitation [and] whether they had been without shelter for at least one year in their lives or four times in a three-year period, (unidentified author, 2008). Interviews of the 148 individuals were conducted by volunteers at The Missouri Hotel. Results that were found were rather unexpected and quite shocking. The mean age of participants was 38.67 years, which is comparable to the mean age of 41.32 of summer 2007 participants, (unidentified author, 2008). With the youngest interviewee at 17 years of age and the oldest at 56, the variety of the surveyed was quite broad. Sixty-five percent of the interviewed were male, which may seem large, but the number of females represented was larger in 2008 than in the interviews conducted the previous year. One of the conclusions of this survey that correlated with the rest of the U.S. population was the fact that the homeless individual had a small education level. On average, the time the homeless person received education was 11.16 years. Thirty-seven percent of participants reported having 12 years of education, (unidentified author, 2008). In comparison to the national number of homeless youth, almost 20% of the interviewees in this survey experienced foster care as children. Forty-eight percent reported having a family that supported them, in contradiction to the national standard of children being completely on their own. Though no children were specifically interviewed, 23% of the actual participants spoke of knowing homeless children and families in the area. For Springfield not being a major city in Missouri, its homeless rate is definitely high.

Causes of Air Pollution Essay

There are several main causes of air pollution, the vast majority of them can be attributed to man. Some natural sources of air pollution include forest fires, dust storms, and volcanic eruptions. Plants such as ragweed contaminate the air with pollen. Decaying leaves and other forms of vegetation release gases that contribute to air pollution and cause haze. (Morgan) Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, and biological matter that cause harm to humans, other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment. Stratospheric ozone depletion (contributed to air pollution) has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth’s ecosystems. The Earth is capable of cleaning itself of a certain level of pollution, but man-made pollutant have become too numerous for the Earth’s natural mechanisms to remove. We are seeing the results of this overload in the form of acid rain, smog, and the variety of health problems that can be contributed to our environment. (Godish) One of the main causes of air pollution is manufacturing. This source of pollution spews particulate matter and chemicals into the atmosphere. The exhaust from a factory includes, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and dioxide, as well as volatile organic compounds and particulates. There is not an area of the Earth’s atmosphere or an ecosystem that has not been altered by the long term effects of the pollution created by manufacturing. Strides have been made to filter the material coming from manufacturing plants, but it may take the Earth millennia to completely recover from the damage already done. (universe) A surprisingly link may exist between ocean fertility and air pollution over land, according to Georgia Institute of Technology research reported in the Feb. 16 issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres. The work provides new insight into the role that ocean fertility plays in the complex cycle involving carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in global warming. (Cain) Finally, the burning of fossil fuels is a part of everyday life of every human on the planet. We burn fossil fuels in our cars, fossil fuel is burned to extract fossil fuel from the Earth, and fossil fuel is used to process fossil fuel into its individual components. Every step of the way releases sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, heavy metals and particulates into the air. Each step in the process increases the number of asthma cases in the world, raises a person’s chance of having cancer, and increases the chance that your child will be born with congenital defects. (Turco) References Cain, Fraser. (2005). Air Pollution Linked to Growth of Life in Oceans. Retrieved from http://www.universetoday.com/10263/air-pollution-linked-to-gr Godish, Thad. 1997. Air Quality, 3rd ed. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Fl. Morgan, M. T. (2003). Environmental Health, (3rd ed.). Belmont: CA: Wadsworth Turco, Richard P. 2001. Earth Under Siege: From Air Pollution to Global Change, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, New York.

Week DQ

To be sure we are caring for the entire needs of the attain, we must include a spiritual assessment to make sure the wishes and desires of the patient and family are being met in order for the patient to heal from their illness. To address our own spiritual needs we must be honest and open with ourselves as to what is important to us spiritually. Exploring your own spiritual side may be helpful to deliver the care necessary to your patients and leave room so you can be open to whatever it is that your patient's spiritual needs may be.This may also be important so you can understand what your own beliefs and preferences are so you don't impose Hess on your patients. You may find that there are certain things you choose to do for your faith in order to stay spiritual. My family chooses to worship together on Sunday mornings in church. We have always done so and now that we are all married, we meet on Sundays and worship together. It brings us all together and I feel at peace when my fa mily is together.When taking care of your patients it is necessary to have an understanding of what it is that they believe and what will help them in their healing process. Many patients become stressed when hospitalized and seek comfort in having their virtual needs addressed. This is when it is important to ask those questions and have the knowledge of what you can do to make your patients as comfortable as possible. Many times patients will ask to see their pastor or want to make a trip to the chapel. Some may just want a quiet place to worship or will find comfort in having a Bible at the bedside.It may be important for your patient to be involved in prayer or meditation in which you may wish to include yourself or not depending on how comfortable you are. Patients like to include their health care providers in their prayer as they live it helps to bring peace to their healing. When a person becomes ill, it often affects the family as well (GUCCI lecture notes, 2011). By asking the patient and family of their spiritual wishes, this allows us to gain a better understanding of who are patient is and what they need while under our care. Addressing and supporting patients' spirituality can not only make their health care experiences more positive, but in many cases can promote health, decrease depression, help patients cope with a difficult illness, and even improve outcomes for some patients† (The Joint Commission, 2005). A Emily may have certain ceremonies or ways in which they pray together so it is up to the health care provider to allow this and accommodate them to the best of our ability.

Cotton production in Ghana Essays

Cotton production in Ghana Essays Cotton production in Ghana Essay Cotton production in Ghana Essay Sustainable Local Economic Development in North-Western Ghana:An Appraisal of the Contribution of Cotton Production inSissala East and West Districts Introduction Local Economic Development ( LED ) have for some clip now remained an frequently cited sustainable development scheme or attack among development organisations and within national and local authoritiess in both the developed and developing states ( Nel, 2001 ; Rodriguez-Pose and Tijmstra, 2007 ; Meyer-Stamer, 2006 ; Patterson 2008 ; Rodriguez-Pose and Tijmstra, 2009 ; Rogerson and Rogerson, 2010 ; Rogerson, 2010 ; Hampwaye and Rogerson, 2011 as in Akudugu, 2013.pp. 8. ) Harmonizing to Bartik ( 2003: 1 ) , local economic development refers to the capacity of a local economic system to make wealth for local occupants. LED can besides be defined as a procedure in which several histrions function in synergism to plan and implement enterprises frequently geared towards exciting and/or revamping the local economic system with the object of bring forthing wealth for the local people. In the position of Blakely ( 1989: 58 ) , LED represents a procedure where local authoritiess or community-based groups or both manage their local resources either independently or in some signifiers of partnership battles with the private sector to excite economic growing and better supports. The function of the cotton sub-sector as a possible accelerator to economic development in Ghana can non be overemphasized. Cotton is an of import hard currency harvest to about 15 developing states most of which are found in bomber Saharan Africa. It accounts for about 40 per centum of export net incomes and contribute between 5 to 10 per centum to GDP in most of these developing states. In a survey, Goreux ( 2003 ) contends that, cotton has a strong poorness decrease impact because it is cultivated in little household farms in countries where chance for turning other harvests are really limited and per capita income is really low. Although cotton production in Africa is non important on a planetary graduated table, a big figure of African states remained to a great extent dependent on cotton. For case, cotton histories for 60 % of foreign exchange gaining in Benin. In Ghana, cotton production is upheld as holding the possible to advancing employment and diversifying the export capacity of the state. This is good recognized in the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda ( GSGDA ) policy model which aimed at â€Å"encouraging the variegation of agricultural production for the ternary intents of achieving nutrient security, increasing exports grosss and procuring the natural stuff base to back up industry† ( NDPC, 2010, pp. 38 ) . Acknowledging the polar function of the cotton sub-sector in the development of Ghana, aCottonSectorRevivalStrategy was necessary to turn to the debt crisis that bedeviled the industry in the late ninetiess. The GSGDA recognizes cotton production when it states ; †¦ .resurgence of the cotton industry to make occupations and heighten the economic system of the three northern parts. Consideration will be given to the possibility of utilizing portion of the oil gross to develop oil thenar in the South, best fibre in the transitional zone, and cotton and shea nuts in the North.( NDPC, 2010, pp. 39 ) . Similarly, cotton is the focal point of one of the trade good initiatives that have been developed in consonant rhyme with the Program countries of the Medium Term Agricultural Sector Investment Plan ( METASIP ) for the old ages 2009-2015. This notwithstanding, Salifu ( 1999 ) observed that the possible country for Ghana’s cotton production is about 500,000 hectares of which more than 80 % lies in the Northern portion of Ghana and is capable of bring forthing 200,000 metric metric tons of lint cotton with market value of about US $ 200 million. The cultivation of cotton has the potency of going a major hard currency harvest in northern Ghana as some put it, â€Å"the chocolate of the north† given the needed encouragement. Developing cotton as a major hard currency harvest in northern Ghana offers increasing economic wagess and has a better potency of cut downing poorness as it provides a beginning of employment every bit good as income security. Ghana’s cotton production had a twosome of good old ages in the early and late 1990aˆYs, with a record crop of 45,000 metric tons of seed cotton, but for the last 10 old ages, the production appears to be stable around 20,000 metric tons per twelvemonth. ( FAOSTAT, 2010 ) . Even though its portion in universe trade is little, cotton is of import to developing states. Cotton histories for about 40 per centum of export net incomes in Benin and Burkina Faso, and 30 per centum in Chad, Mali, and Uzbekistan. Its part to GDP in these and other developing states ranges from 5 and 10 per centum ( table 1 ) .Cotton and Developing States: Case Study in Policy Incoherence To detect the chances inherent in the cotton bomber sector in the part, there is a demand for forward-thinking policies and schemes at the national and local degree to ease and steer the procedure of resuscitating the cotton industry. PROBLEM STATEMENT The Sissala West and East territories hold a greater possible and a competitory border in the production of cotton in the Upper West Region and Ghana in general. The concern of this survey stems from the guerrilla, frequently sporadic and worsening production degree of cotton in the hitherto cotton- rich territories and part. Given the fact that the savannah conditions in these territories are good suited for the production of cotton, the subsector held a greater potency in the poorness decrease attempts of authoritiess over the old ages. Harmonizing to Philippe et. Al ( 2011, pp. 4 ) , the resurgence of the cotton industry is cardinal to the decrease of poorness in the poorer, northern parts of the state. The survey communities and the Upper West Region in general ; being the poorest in the state makes it more important to oppugn why much investing is non made to tap into the chances of cotton. It is nevertheless ill-defined what the causes of the dwindling cotton production degrees in the survey territories, the Upper West Region and the state in general could be but there are guesss that, unfavorable footings and conditions of the cotton bring forthing companies, unequal recognition to cotton husbandmans, unfavorable authorities districting policies, hapless coordination and regulative model for the cotton sector, infrastructural shortages among others are the major hindrances to effectual cotton production in the survey communities. This research attempts an appraisal of the part of cotton production towards sustainable Local Economic Development in North-Western Ghana ; placing and analyzing the extent of synergism among stakeholders in the full cotton- production -value concatenation. Research Questions In order to turn to the aims of this survey, the undermentioned research inquiries are formulated to steer the survey ; The chief research inquiry this survey seeks to turn to is:What is the function of Cotton Production Local Economic Development in North-West Ghana? Specific inquiries will include: What is the function of the cotton industry in Economic Development of Sissala East and West Districts? What is the function of NGOs in the development of the Cotton Subsector in the Sissala East and West Districts? What are government’s LED policy options that could excite Cotton production the Sissala East and West Districts? What are the effects of Cotton production on dirt quality and nutrient production in the Sissala East and West Districts? Research Aims In order to reply the inquiries raised in this survey, the undermentioned research aims are put frontward to steer the survey ; The chief aim of this survey is toInvestigate and analyzethe part of Cotton Production to Local Economic Development in North-West Ghana. The survey seeks to accomplish the following specific aims: Analyse the function of Cotton production in Economic Development of Sissala East and West Districts ; Analyze the function of NGOs in the development of the Cotton Subsector in the Sissala East and West Districts ; Explores government’s LED policy options that could excite Cotton production the Sissala East and West Districts ; Analyze the effects of Cotton production on dirt quality and nutrient harvest production in the survey communities Proposition This research is seeking to propose that, Cotton production has the possible to breed local economic development in the Upper West Region in general and the Sissala country in peculiar. This is premised against the handiness of big piece of lands of idle cultivable land and the suitableness of the savannah conditions for cotton production given the successes of neighboring Burkina Faso in cotton production under similar conditions. Delimitation/Scope of the Study This research undertaking will be limited to two cotton bring forthing territories ; (Sissala East and Sissala West Districts) in the Upper West Region ( UW/R ) of Ghana. The survey will besides concentrate on NGOs function in cotton production ; the activities of MOFA Development Units in the two territories ; cotton purchasing and treating units ; Cotton husbandmans Associations ; fiscal Institution in the cotton production value concatenation. Some best patterns in footings of LED schemes and cotton production will be referred to where necessary to impel an disposed appraisal of the constructs. Why the Study Areas Were Selected It is worthwhile adverting that, the rightness of this survey in the Upper West Region and its territories is justified by the fact that, whiles the part is the major manufacturer of cotton (the chief push of this survey )in the state and besides accommodates the biggest cotton ginnery in West Africa which is situated in the Sissala East District, the selected territories are more associated to cotton production than the other territories in the part ( RCC, 2001 ) . Therefore the part and the selected territories hold a high potency to back up an grasp of cotton production and Local Economic Development. Top 10 communities in the Sissala East District Top 10 communities in the Sissala East District Tumu, taffiasi, tutuo, banu -bassisian Dimajan Kong, kulfo tarsaw, vamboi, wuni Sakai Wellembelle Nmanduanu Nabulo Nabugbelle Bugubelle Kulfuo Sakalo Bujan DUWIE, GYAWIA Research Methodology Study Design This survey utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research designs. This assorted method design is deemed appropriate for this survey due to its built-in ability to explicate complexnesss in societal scientific discipline research through concurrent triangulation which allow for verification, disconfirmation, proof and documentation ( Green, Caracelli, and Graham, 1989, Morgan, 1998, Steckler, McLeroy, Goodman, Bird and McCcormick, 1992 as in Creswell, 2009 ) of research findings. For case, some informations collected from pupils and institutional Hall executives will be crosschecked with the Hall coachs, the Dean of pupils and the Assistant registrars for proof intents. Whereas the qualitative design will supply an avenue for depicting the lived experiences of the non-residential pupils over the old ages the Quantitative information will besides supply an drift for analyzing relationships between the family installation shortages, safety and general life conditions of non- resi dential pupils in Wa. Data beginnings and Types The information on which this survey is based are those derived from In this survey, both primary and secondary beginnings of informations will be utilized to obtain the primary and secondary types of informations. A combination of the two beginnings of information nowadayss an chance to corroborate some findings discovered in the literature reappraisal and other information used in the survey. Primary informations will be collected though Focus group Discussions with non-residential pupils, Household Questionnaire disposal with pupils and landlords, Interviews with institutional caputs in charge of pupil adjustment and Observation. Secondary informations will besides be collected from journal articles, authorities documents, institutional admittance statistical offices and national policy models associating to lodging and physical development in Ghana SamplingSampling process and informations aggregation Cross-sectional information was collected from 91 husbandmans during the 2011/12 cropping season through questionnaire disposal. Purposive sampling was employed in choosing eight communities in the Municipality based on their popularity in the By and large, Resource restraints, excessively big populations, Partially accessible populations and clip frequently make it hard if non impossible to analyze everybody making everything everyplace ( Miles and Huberman, 1994 ) . This frequently introduces the procedure of trying into societal scientific discipline research. In the sampling procedure, a proportion of the entire sampling frame is moderately and carefully selected for survey based on which intelligent and careful illations are made from the sample parametric quantities to explicate fluctuations in population parametric quantities against certain tolerable mistakes borders. Sampling Unit of measurement In this survey, informations will be collected from non-residential third pupil, Landlord/landladies, rent control, town and state planning section, third institutional offices in charge of students’ safety and adjustment and the Students Representative Councils. This classification is deemed necessary to ease an disposed apprehension and account of the postponing positions of non-residential adjustment. Sample Size. The sample size for this survey will be 315. This will be selected utilizing the tabular array of random Numberss after the differing institutional trying frames ( non-residential third pupils list ) have been obtained. Sample Unit Entire Non-Residential Population sample frame Selected Sample Individual Questionnaires University for Development Studies 97 Wa Polytechnic 89 Health Assistant Training School 68 Landlords/landladies 52 Institutional Military officers Rent control 1 Town and Country Planning Department 1 University for Development Studies ( VDoS A ; AR ) 2 Wa Polytechnic 1 Health Assistant Training School 1 Students Representative Council presidents 3 Entire Sample 315 Authors’ building, 2014 Sampling process For the institutional interviews, purposive sampling technique will be used since the informations needed from them for this survey are non heterogeneously distributed. For the general questionnaire and interviews, simple random sampling will be used. The tabular array of random Numberss will be used to assist cut down prejudices that frequently characterize sample choice. husbandmans having inputs from one company but presenting produce to a company that did non patronize them ; husbandmans doingmultiple enrollments with more than one company ; recreation of cotton inputs for nutrient harvests and even selling them on the unfastened market by husbandmans and some unscrupulous field staff. Data Analysis and PresentationData analysis is really of import. In its absence, all we could make is to construe our informations in an wholly subjective manner. Data analysis has the great advantage that it allows us to be every bit precise as possible in our readings of the findings we have obtained. Datas analysis sometimes seems hard, but it is a important ingredient in psychological research. Qualitative informations collected through recordings and FGDs will be transcribed and supported by some direct commendations from respondents. On the other manus, quantitative informations will be analyzed utilizing statistical package ( SPSS and Excel ) to set up crosstabs and other descriptive statistics. The chi-square goodness of fit trial will be used to prove the propositions made in this survey about family installation shortages from the sample on the population at 5 % degree of significance. Restriction A major restriction is that, much accent is placed on analysis of the effects of family installation shortages on third pupils keeping all other act uponing factors changeless. Mentions Addai, I. :Problems of Non-Residential Students in Tertiary Educational Institutions in Ghana: A Micro-Level Statistical Evidence,Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies ( JETERAPS ) 4 ( 4 ) :582-58, Scholarlink Research Institute Journals, 2013. Cresswell, J.W. ( 2009 ) .Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Assorted Methods Approachs( Third Edition ) . Sage Publications, London. Daily Guide intelligence: AMA Bares Fangs @ Landlords †¦Public Toilets Are For Pedestrians, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thenewcrusadingguideonline.com/index.php, Wednesday, 20 November 2013 08:20 Ghana Statistical Service ( GSS ) , ( 2012 ) .2010 Population and Housing Census. Summary Report of Final Results.GSS, Sakoa Press Limited, Accra, Ghana. Ghana Statistical Service ( GSS ) , 2006 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ( MICS ) , Round 1-ID: DDI-GH-GSS-MICS-2006-v1.0, hypertext transfer protocol ; // www.statsghana.gov.gh/nada/index.php/catalogue/15 Masahudu Ankiilu Kunateh Ghanese Chronicle â€Å"2.5 bn people worldwide lack basic sanitation†, Modernghana General News,25 November 2008. Miles, M. B. , and Huberman, A. M. ( 1994 ) .Qualitative informations analysis: A sourcebook of new methods. Thousand Oaks, CA,Sage Publications, London World Toilet Organization Rolling Rains Report: â€Å"We Deserve Better† , http/ www.rollingrains.com/world-toilet-day.html, November 4, 2008 12:24 Upper West Regional Coordinating Council, ( 2001 ) , the Socio-Economic Potentials and Development Concerns of the Upper West Region, www.ghana-help.ch/UWR.htm Goreux, L. ( 2003 ) Prej udice Caused by Industrialized Countries Subsidies to Cotton Sectors in Western and Central Africa: Background Document to the Submission Made by Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali to the WTO.† TN/AG/GEN/4, Geneva: World Trade Organization John Baffes,2003Cotton and Developing States: Case Study in Policy Incoherence:Trade Note 10.The World Bank, Washington, D.C. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.worldbank.org/trade